Diabetes

Concept "diabetes"It is the practice to indicate a group of endocrine diseases developed due to absolute or relative hormone deficiency in the body.insulin.In the viewpoint of this condition, the patient showsHyperglycemia- Significant increase in blood glucose in human blood.Diabetes is characterized by a chronic course.In the process of disease development, violating all metabolism: it is violatedfatThenproteinThencarbohydrateThenmineralAndsaltexchange.According to WHO statistics, about 150 million people are sick in the world of diabetes.By the way, not only one person, but also animals, for example, cats, diabetes.

The meaning of the word "diabetes" from the Greek language is "expired".Therefore, the concept of diabetes of Muslims means losing sugar.In this case, the main sign of the disease is displayed - the excretion of the sugar in the urine.So far, there are many studies on the cause of this disease, however, the cause of the disease and its complications has not yet been set up.

Types of diabetes

Diabetes sometimes occur in humans as one of the expressions of the hidden disease.In this case, we are talking aboutDiabetes symptomaticCan occur on the background of failurethyroidorpancreat routeThenadrenal glandThenPituitary glands.In addition, this form of diabetes develops as a result of treatment with some drugs.And if the treatment of the disease is successful, diabetes is cured.

Diabetes are usually divided into two forms: this oneType 1 diabetes, that is,Insulin, and the sameType 2 diabetes, that isInsulin.

Type 1 diabetes are often manifested in young people: According to the regulations, most of these patients are not thirty years old.About 10-15% of patients with diabetes suffered this disease.Diabetes in children manifests mainly in this form.

The first type of diabetes is the result of damage to the beta cells of the pancreas to produce insulin.Very often, this type of diabetes suffer from viral disease -mumpsThenVirus hepatitisThenRuble.Usually diabetes of the first type occurs asAutoimmune diseasebDue to defects in the body's immune system.As a rule, in a person who is ill with the first type of diabetes, the unhealthy fragility manifests itself.In the blood, the amount of sugar increased significantly.Patients with the first diabetes depend on insulin injecting continuously, becoming important.

Among diabetics, generally, patients with type 2 diabetes dominate.At the same time, about 15% of patients with this disease have normal weight and others are overweight.

Type 2 diabetes are developing, which is a result of a different cause.In this case, with beta cells, however, sufficient or too many insulin is produced, however, the tissues in the body lose its ability to accept its specific signals.In this case, there is no need to inject insulin to survive, but sometimes they are prescribed to control the patient's blood sugar.

Causes of diabetes

One of the forms of diabetes type 1-"Depends on insulin", the main reason for this form may be complications after viral infection, for example,fluThenHerpes, and the sameOyster disease.The factors that contribute to diabetes type 2-"Depends on insulin", is genetic tendency, as well as diseases of endocrine and obesity systems.

The main reason for the manifestation of diabetes becomes weakenedCarbohydrate metabolism, manifested by the impossible of the pancreas to produce the right amount of insulin hormone or insulin production of the necessary quality.There are many assumptions related to the cause of such a state.It is sure that diabetes is not a disease.There is a theory that the cause of the disease is genetic defects.It has been shown that the risk of higher disease occurs in people with relatives near diabetes.The probability of the disease in people with diabetes diagnosed in both parents is particularly high.

Experts identify another important factor that directly affects the possibility of diabetesobese.In this case, a person can access to adjust your own weight, so you should treat this problem with all seriousness.

Another stimulus factor is a number of diseases, resulting in failureBeta cells.First of all, we are talking aboutPancreatitisThenThe disease of other routes of internal excretionThenPancreatic cancer.

Virus infections can act as a activation mechanism to start diabetes.Diabetes virus infections launched in any case.However, people who tend to be genetic properties for diabetes and other arrangements are much higher than the disease due to infection.

In addition, doctors identify as a factor that affects the factor.emphasizeAnd excessive affection.Elderly people should remember the likelihood of diabetes with disease: an older person becomes more and more.

At the same time, the assumption of many people is in fact with diabetes, those who like to constantly eat a lot of sugar and sweet products that are at risk of disease from the perspective of high obesity in such people.

In more rare cases, diabetes in children and adults occurs as a result of some hormonal disorders in the body, as well as pancreatic lesions due to alcohol abuse or some drugs.

Another assumption shows the virus nature of diabetes.Therefore, type 1 diabetes may manifest by viral damage to the beta cells of the pancreatic gland, producing insulin.As a reaction, the immune system createdantibodycalledInsular.

However, to this day, there are many dark points in the issue of determining the cause of diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes, first of all, are manifested by the production of urine too intense.A person who starts urinating is not only often but also a lot (a phenomenon calledMulti -urinary).From the viewpoint of such a phenomenon, the patient has oneStrong thirst.Along with urine, outstandingglucose, a person who lost calories.Therefore, a sign of diabetes will also be too delicious due to constant hunger.

Other uncomfortable phenomena occur like symptoms of diabetes: serious fatigue,Continuous sleepiness, the presence of itching in the perineum.Patients may freeze limbs and vision.

The disease progresses, and the following signs of diabetes are manifested.The patient noted that his wound was much healed, gradually his body's life was in general.

It is important to consider that the main signs of diabetes, which each person should pay attention, is to lose vitality, the feeling of thirsty, and the body sculpted quickly from the body with the urine of the liquid consumed.

However, at first, the symptoms of diabetes may not appear and the disease can only be determined by laboratory tests.If the disease does not appear, and the sugar content increases slightly in the blood and its presence in the urine occurs, then in a person diagnosedPre -diabetes state.That is the characteristics of a very large number of people, and after ten to fifteen years, they have developed type 2 diabetes. In this case, insulin does not perform the splitting functionCarbohydrate.As a result, too little glucose penetrates the blood, it is a source of energy.

Diagnosis of diabetes

Diabetes manifests itself in a person gradually, so doctors distinguish their three stages of development.In people who are susceptible to the disease due to the presence of some risk factors, the period is manifestedPrediabet.If glucose has been absorbed with disorders, but the signs of the disease have not occurredHidden diabetes.The third period is directly the development of the disease.

Laboratory tests are of special importance to diagnosis of diabetes in children and adults.When checking urine, it is foundacetoneAndroad.The fastest method for setting up a blood test is to determine glucose content.This, moreover, is the most reliable diagnostic method.

Higher research accuracy ensures glucose tolerance ability of glucose.Initially, it is necessary to determine the level of glucose in the patient's blood when hungry.After that, a person should drink a glass of water in which 75 grams of glucose were resolved first.After two hours, a second measurement is done.If the result of glucose content is from 3.3 to 7.0 mmol/l, then Sai Glucose is disturbed, with more than 11.1 mmol/l, the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

In addition, during diagnosis of diabetes, blood tests are doneGlycogenydTo determine the average level of blood sugar for a long time (about 3 months).This method has also been used to determine the effectiveness of diabetes in the past three months.

Treatment of diabetes

Doctors prescribe comprehensive diabetes to support normal glucose content in the blood.In this case, it is important to considerHyperglycemiaIt is an increase in sugar, norHypoglycemiaThat is, his autumn.

During the day, glucose content should be at the same level.Such support allows us to prevent the expression of diabetes complications, which is life threat.Therefore, it is very important that the person himself carefully controlled his state and was as disciplined as possible to treat this disease.Glucometer- This is a specially designed device, which allows independent measurement of blood glucose level.To analyze, you should take a drop of blood from your finger and apply it on the test range.

It is important that the treatment of diabetes in children and adults starts right after a person is diagnosed with the corresponding.The doctor identifies diabetic treatments, with diabetics.

To treat type 1 diabetes, it is important to provide hormone replacement therapy for life.For this, every day a patient with diabetes is first diagnosed with insulin injection.There is no other treatment option in this case.Before the role of insulin was determined in 1921, diabetes did not give up treatment.

There is a special classification of insulin, based on where the drug comes from and how much it is.DistinguishriseThenporkAndhumanityinsulin.Due to some side effects, insulin bull is used less often than today.The closest structure to humans is insulin pork.The difference is in oneamino acid.The acting time of insulin may beShortThenMediumThenLong.

As a rule, the patient produces insulin for about 20-30 minutes before eating.It is inserted into the thighs, shoulders or stomach under the skin, while the injection site should be alternated at each injection.

When insulin enters the blood, it stimulates the process of converting glucose from blood to tissue.If there is an overdose, it will have hypoglycemia.The symptoms of this condition are as follows: The patient has a tremor, the separation of sweat, fast heart rate, a person who feels a strong weakness.In this state, a person should quickly increase glucose, using some sugar spoons or a glass of soft drinks.

An insulin management plan should be chosen by an expert, taking into account all the characteristics of the body, as well as the image of his life.The choice of daily insulin dose is done so that it corresponds to physiological standards.Two -thanhirds hormones are accepted in the morning and afternoon, one third in the afternoon and at night.There are a number of different plans to introduce injections, the feasibility of the use is determined by the doctor.The insulin dose can be adjusted depending on a number of factors (diet, physical load, features of carbohydrate metabolism).An important role in determining the optimal insulin amount is given to measure independently of glucose levels and store records related to self -conservation.

In this case, the corresponding diet in diabetes is essential.It is important that the patient takes food according to a special plan: three main meals and three additional meals.Providing energy for diabetes is calculated that the blood sugar content is increased by carbohydrates.However, there is no need to restrict serious use.Depending on the weight of normal human body, it is important to take into account the amount of carbohydrate to choose the correct insulin dose.

If a person has the second type of diabetes, then when you start the disease, you cannot use the medication.In this case, a diet in diabetes is very important, providing a simple reduction in the use of carbohydrates and competent approaches to physical strength.If diabetes progresses, medication is needed.The doctor prescribes treatment with no sugar.He chose the right medicine from the derivative toolsSulfonelmochevinaThenGlikemia Prandial regulators.They help increase the sensitivity to fabric insulinBiguanides(The drug also reduces the absorption of glucose in the intestine) andThiazolidindo.In the absence of treatment for prescribed drugs, the patient is prescribed with insulin therapy.

With diabetes, folk recipes are also practiced stimulating blood sugar levels.For this purpose, such herbs are used.This is a blueberries, flax seeds, leaf sash, laurel plates, juniper and rosehip fruits, roots, ghost leaves, etc. The aesthetics of herbs are taken several times a day before eating.

Power supply for diabetes

For patientsroadType 1 diabetesThe main treatment of diabetes is insulin injection, and a diet that acts as a significant supplement for drug treatment, while for patients.Type 2 diabetes- A diet based on a diet is the main method of treatment.Because the normal activity of the development of diabetes is weakenedpancreat, leading to reduction in insulin production, related to the assimilation of sugar by the body, then nutrition and appropriate diet are of great importance.Diabetes diets are used to normalize carbohydrate metabolism and to prevent fat metabolism.

What should be food:

• Fast and regular meals (preferably4-5 timesEach day, at the same time), should evenly distribute the use of carbohydrates at meals;
• Food should be richGreat-Andmicro(zinc, calcium, phosphorus, potassium), and evenVitamin(Vitamins of Group B, A, P, Ascorbic Acid, Retinol, Riboflavin, Thiamine);
• Foods should be diverse;
• roadIt is worth replacingSorbitol, cyliis, fructose, aspartamorroadcan be added to the right food and beverage;
• You can use first1.5 litersLiquid every day;
• Priority should be given to the digestion of carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, bread from raw flour), products containing fiber (raw vegetables, beans, peas, oatmeal), and limit the use of products rich in cholesterol - egg yolks, liver, kidney;
• The diet must be strictly observed to not stimulate the growth or seriousness of the disease.

Diet for diabetes without sugar, and in some cases the following recommendations in the diet:

• Black or specialBread with diabetes(200-300 gr.);
• Vegetable soup, cabbage soup, Okroshki, radish;
• The soup is processed on meat broth can be consumed 2 times a week;
• Low-fat meat (beef, veal, rabbit), poultry (turkey, chicken), fish (Pike perch, cod, pike) (about 100-150 grams per day) in the form of boiled, grilled or poured;
• Useful dishes of cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, millet) and pasta, beans can be consumed every day;
• Potatoes, carrots and radish - not more than 200 g.everyday;
• The rest of vegetables - cabbage, including color, cucumber, spinach, tomatoes, eggplant, as well as green vegetables, can be consumed without limited;
• Eggs may not exceed 2 pieces;
• 200-300 gr.On the day of apples, oranges, lemons, can be in the form of juice with pulp;
• Dairy products (kefir, yogurt) -1-2 cups a day, and cheese, milk and sour cream-with the doctor's permission;
• Low-fat paintings are recommended for daily consumption at 150-200 gr.Every day in any form;
• From fat every day can be consumed to 40 g.Warm butter and vegetable oil.

Among the drinks, it is allowed to drink black, green tea, weak coffee, juice, composers from the fruits of acid varieties with the addition of cylinder or sorbitol, Rosehip dyocation and mineral water.

It is important for people with diabetes.Easy to digest carbohydrates.Such products include sugar, honey, jam, confectionery, sweets, chocolate.The use of cakes, pieces of foam, from fruit - bananas, raisins, grapes is strictly limited.Also, it is worth reducing the useFat Food, first of all, fat, vegetables and butter, fat meat, sausages, mayonnaise.In addition, it is better to eliminate fried, sharp, spicy and smoked dishes, sharp snacks, salted vegetables and soaked vegetables, ice cream, wine from the diet.Salt salt per day can be consumed no more than 12 g.

Diet for diabetes

Diet in diabetes must be observed without failure.The characteristics of a diet in diabetes in this case implies normalizing carbohydrate metabolism in the human body and at the same time facilitating the activity of the pancreas.The diet does not include carbohydrates that are easy to digest and limit the usefat.People with diabetes need to consume a lot of vegetables, but at the same time limit cholesterol -The contain food and salt.Food should be baked and cooked.

A patient with diabetes is recommended to eat many cabbage, tomatoes, zucchini, herbs, cucumbers, and radish.Instead of sugar, patients with diabetes can eat xylit, sorbitol, fructose.At the same time, it is necessary to limit the amount of potatoes, bread, cereals, carrots, fat, honey.

It is banned from eating sweets, chocolate, sweets, jams, bananas, spicy, smoked, ram and pork, mustard, wine, grapes, raisins.

You always need to drink food at the same time, the amount of food cannot be passed.Food should contain a lot of fiber.To do this, periodically should include beans, rice, oats, and buckwheat in the diet.Every day, a patient with diabetes should drink a lot of liquid.

Diet No. 9

Dieters have developed a special diet recommended as the main nutrition for diabetes.A feature of the diet number 9 is that it can be adjusted according to the patient's individual tastes, adding or eliminating some dishes as you like.The diet in diabetes creates conditions for normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, helps maintain patient performance and is developed to the severity of the disease, the disease, at the same time, weight and energy cost.There is also a diet No. 9A, used as a basis for the synthesis of the diet atMild diabetes form.As in the forms of obesity simultaneously at different degrees in patients who are not insulin and 9B, with protein consumption norms, for patients with severe diabetes, treated with diabetes insulin and have more physical activity.Heavy shapeOften complicated by diseases of liver, gallbladder, pancreatic gland.

Diet No. 9Includes such a diet:

• First breakfast.Tea on xlet, bread with butter.
• Lunch(At lunch time, 12 hours a day): Cheese, 1 cup Kefir.
• Dinner(After working, 17 hours a day): Vegetable soup, potatoes with boiled meat, an apple or orange.Or: Cabbage soup, boiled meat with carrots, tea on xylita.
• Dinner.
• Before going to bed, a glass of kefir or yogurt.

Prevention of diabetes

Prevention of diabetes provides maintaining the healthiest lifestyle.You should not allow additional pounds, constantly exercise and play sports.Each person should reduce the use of fat and sweets.If a person is forty years old or in his family, there are cases of diabetes, the prevention of diabetes provides a regular blood sugar test.

You need to try to consume a lot of fruits and vegetables every day, including more products in the diet with complex high carbohydrate.Equally important is to monitor the amount of salt and sugar penetrating daily diet - in this case, the abuse is not allowed.There should be many vitamin products in the diet.

In addition, for preventing diabetes, it is important to be constantly in mental balance, to avoid stressful situations.In addition, the violation of carbohydrate metabolism is expressed as a result of increased pressure, so it is very important to prevent this situation first.

Complications of diabetes

The complications of diabetes are manifested if the treatment of diabetes is not done is a special danger to human health and life, or it is done incorrectly.Due to such complications, a fatal result often occurs.It is the practice to distinguish between acute diabetes complications, grow rapidly in patients, as well as late complications, which occur a few years later.

Acute complications of diabetes are manifestedcomatose: In this state, the patient lost consciousness, he violated the functions of some organs - liver, kidney, heart, nervous system.The reasons for the development of coma are a strong changeacidityBlood, violating the ratio of salt and water in the body, manifestation of lactic acid in large amounts, a sharp decline in the blood of glucose concentration.

When the late complications of diabetes, damage to the small kidneys and the eye occurs.If a large ship is affected, then the appearance may occurstrokeThenMyocardial infarctionThenFamily legs.Human nervous system is also affected.